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From: Morris, Paul V
Sent: 1/5/2017 3:31:54 PM
To: Morris, Paul V
CC: Lehane, Sean T
Subject: The Year Ahead: A World of Change (Short Version Below For Convenience)
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The Year Ahead: A World of Change
A continued rise in equities. Renewed investor confidence. Bond markets under
pressure. Our Chief Investment Office explores the risks and opportunities of
these and other trends shaping the year ahead.
AS WE
LOOK
BACK ON
2016, one
could
characterize
it as The
Year of The
Unlikely. It began with deep worries regarding China's growth path, a second wave of collapsing
oil prices, a Federal Reserve (Fed) hiking into deflationary headwinds, the impact of negative
interest rates in Europe and Japan, concerns over a potential U.S. recession, lower-quality corporate
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high yield problems, and U.S. consumers who might never spend their savings at the pump. All
these worries hit at once in January and February, prompting the S&P 500 to fall over 10% from its
2015 closing level of 2043. The year, at that point, appeared bleak.
Our view was to maintain a balanced and diversified position throughout the downturn, particularly
for the long haul, due to our belief that the major concerns, although understandable, were simply
not going to fully develop and asset prices would begin to track fundamentals more effectively
through the remainder of the year. The potential for risk assets to climb higher was there but a
catalyst was needed. For our full view on the year ahead, please read our December 2016 Monthly
Letter.
Exhibit 1: Mid-Cycle Slowdown Ended In Early 2016,
When Oil and Dollar Stabilized)
120
Spot 01 Price: West Texas Incernwdlate
_.(6-Alowth Moving erage. Left Scale!
e 60— .
40 _____
Rea Broad Trade-Weighted Eachawr
Value of theuss
20 46-14ontre Moving Average Right SCale
Illy0eSiouidown
..................................................................103
06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Source: EINCME; FRB/Haver Anatytics. Data as of December 5, 2016.
96
92
88
84
Past performance is no guarantee offuture results.
Our core belief was centered on healthy consumers who would indeed pick up their spending from
savings at the pump and become more confident as job growth continued and real incomes
increased. We also believed U.S. financial conditions and the economic backdrop would improve in
the second half of the year as the pressure from the strong dollar subsided and the deflationary
effects of the collapse in oil prices began to fade. In other words, we were witnessing evidence that
the mid-cycle slowdown that had hurt economic growth and corporate earnings was ending. [See
Exhibit 1] Based on this core belief, the "grind it out" year for risk assets would be back on track,
the business cycle would extend into 2017, bond yields would slowly shift higher, and equity
markets had the potential to head toward previous highs.
A series of unexpected outcomes
At this point, we did not characterize 2016 as The Year of the Unlikely. However, if you consider
specific events throughout the year in finance and sports, it is easy to see that now. We already
mentioned the second plunge in oil prices to the mid-$20s per barrel to start the year, and bond
markets in some areas of the world actually had negative yields—meaning the lender paid the
entity issuing the bonds to take their money! This was unlikely. How about Brexit vote in Great
Britain? Unlikely. In sports, Villanova University winning the national championship in men's
college basketball (Nova's first championship since 1985), Leicester—the English football club—
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winning the Premier League (before this season began, British bookmakers listed them as a 5,000-
to-1 shot to emerge as the champion), the Cleveland Cavaliers' first ever National Basketball
Association championship and, of course, the Chicago Cubs winning the World Series for the first
time since 1908! All unlikely. But they happened.
Last but not least, in our own political backyard, we witnessed Donald Trump's victory in the U.S.
presidential election last month. Also unlikely. We all know markets do not like uncertainty.
However, sentiment can shift quickly if fundamentals are not negatively affected, and what was
previously determined to be "unlikely" turns to enthusiasm as to what could be.
"We expect business, consumer and investor confidence to continue to head
higher well into 2017, with most of the newly expected growth to come in 2018,
which should underpin equities for most of the year."
CHRISTOPHER HYZY
CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER, BANK OF AMERICA GLOBAL WEALTH AND INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT
Why this expansion can continue
Business cycles typically last between five and seven years before fundamentals deteriorate,
usually due to a policy error of some sort. This can produce a recession and/or a bear market, which
tend to correct the excesses that have been built up and kick-start a new cycle. Bull markets and
cycles do not die of old age—there needs to be a fundamental catalyst that emerges and pushes the
trends back the other way.
We are entering our ninth year in the current business cycle, despite all of the complexities and
concerns that have come and gone since the financial crisis.. In fact, this cycle could have extended
another few years along the same path, given the secular stagnation that prevailed. This era needed
ultra-accommodative central bank monetary policy just to keep things stable and plodding along
this far into the cycle. It also needed corporations willing to manage their earnings to the penny in a
below trend growth world that offered little pricing power. And finally, this cycle needed U.S. and
emerging market consumers to continue to switch from deleveraging to spending as their balance
sheets and incomes improved.
A return of "animal spirits"
This dynamic could have continued for a bit, but monetary policy has become tired. Negative
interest rates have become a headwind, not a tailwind, in our view. And, just like sports fans,
investors need a catalyst to break from the past. Visible positive catalysts tend to turn into
improved sentiment and confidence. Through the years, economists have called this "animal
spirits."
Animal spirits begin as hope, turn into enthusiasm, and ultimately need visible action to keep the
spirited momentum going. After all, economics is a behavioral science. It is our view that we are
breaking from the era of secular stagnation and heading into fiscal reflation. This new era is likely
to have its fits and starts and will not be in a straight line. It should also include different stages and
speeds from various economic regions globally. Furthermore, it should contain some "unlikely"
outcomes. With any cycle, we will have to take the good (higher nominal growth) with the potential
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bad (higher volatility) and investors will have to reposition portfolios, rebalancing when necessary,
in order to take advantage of the new era.
Prior to the U.S. presidential election, and even dating back to the summer months when bond
yields bottomed, the economy was already beginning to improve. Corporate earnings were picking
up, the consumer was spending at a healthy clip, there were some subtle signs of positive surprises
in European economic activity, and the downturn in emerging markets (and negative earnings
revisions) ceased. We were certainly not waving the celebratory flag on growth, but the economy
was getting up off the ground, which is what risk assets, including equities, need sometimes.
However, the S&P 500—a major benchmark for U.S. stocks--had lost momentum heading into the
election, as investors worried that the secular stagnation era would continue and that monetary
policy had lost its effectiveness.
Market sentiment changed dramatically during the early morning hours on November 9. The
surprise victory by Donald Trump caught many investors off-guard. The potential for fiscal
stimulus measures, reduced regulation, corporate tax reform and other potential pro-growth
initiatives increased. Animal spirits perked up. Investor positioning was heavily skewed toward
long-duration fixed income, low-volatility equities and high-dividend-paying companies. These
areas significantly outperformed in the first half of the year but started to lose momentum once
rates bottomed mid-year. However, investor positioning did not change materially at first.
Portfolios were still generally overexposed to higher- quality, rate-sensitive investments—
otherwise known as "bond proxies."
In our Hills Have Eyes strategy report, published on November 16, we outlined the need to
rebalance portfolios given our belief that we were already transitioning toward the late-cycle
expansion phase and that the new enthusiasm for pro-growth policies would begin to accelerate
investor flows toward more cyclical investments. Given the high degree of underexposure to late-
cycle investments by investors, we believed such a rotation would cause a "melt-up" in equities
toward new highs over time.
Diversification and rebalancing will be key
So, how are we going to manage portfolios in a world undergoing a major market regime shift, one
that is transitioning from the era of secular stagnation to fiscal reflation, and one that still has a
considerable amount of uncertainty? We are going to become more prescriptive, remain diversified
and balanced, but with more exposure to pro-growth, pro-cyclical areas. We will also likely
rebalance more often throughout the year as investor rotation gathers momentum during 2017 and
into 2018; and we look to periods of volatility as opportunities to add to areas we favor.
"Fixed income still represents an important portfolio diversifier___and a volatility
dampener in unforeseen worst-case scenarios."
CHRISTOPHER HYZY
CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER, BANK OF AMERICA GLOBAL WEALTH AND INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT
We expect business, consumer and investor confidence to continue to head higher well into 2017,
with most of the newly expected growth to come in 2018, which should underpin equities for most
of the year. Higher nominal growth, an improved picture for corporate profits and continued
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positive sentiment are the foundation for continued gains in the equity markets and an investor
rotation from overexposure to long-dated fixed income into under owned equities.
This rotation will need a few periods of confirmation, given the still uncertain broader global macro
outlook, but we expect price-to-earnings multiples to remain elevated, despite higher rates,
throughout the year. S&P 500 earnings have a wide range of forecasts due to the potential for
sizable tax cuts in 2017. Based on this, the S&P 500 could add extra earnings on top of normalized
growth, which is expected to be around 9%. At present, a reasonable range, albeit a wide one, is
considered to be between $129 and $138 with the potential for further upside. In this scenario,
where we get pro-growth policies filtering into a higher earnings number, an S&P 500 bull case
level of 2700 at the high end is possible.
Improving profits and growth should take equities higher
For now, a base case utilizing the five factor framework from BofA Merrill Lynch Global
Research, which combines sentiment, valuation and technical, equates to 2300 for the S&P 500 at
year end. The two components that include long-term valuation and 12-month price momentum are
indicating that S&P 500 levels between the base and bull case are increasing in probability. Of
course, there are a number of scenarios that could unfold that would indicate a wide range of
outcomes depending on the multiple or earnings number that ultimately develops. In the end, it all
comes down to the path of corporate profits and the visibility on growth, both of which are
improving.
Highlights We have moved from a "get paid to wait" core portfolio theme to a more cyclical- and value-oriented theme in multi-asset portfolios • Equities remain attractive versus fixed income on a relative basis.
• Within equities. we favor U.S. large caps. U.S. small caps and emerging markets.
• Within equities, we favor value over growth and more cyclical assets versus defensives.
• Within fixed income. we prefer credit to Treasuries. We would also consider an allocation to Treasury inflation protected securities (TIPS) where appropriate.
Portfolio repositioning is likely to continue well into 2017, as developments unfold and the pro-
cyclical environment gathers momentum. With growth already heading higher from Q3 2016
onward and earnings turning positive, investors have begun increasing cyclicality and exposure to
value in portfolios at the expense of more defensive sectors and higher-dividend areas within
equities. In addition, we expect a larger shift in emphasis toward small capitalization, which has
already started, and more domestic-oriented equities due to a slightly stronger dollar, more pro-
growth policies and the desire for a hedge against potential retaliatory trade policies from main
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trading partners. This portfolio shift in positioning is happening but, in our view, is in its early
stages.
We have moved from a "get paid to wait" core portfolio theme to a more cyclical and value-
oriented theme in multi-asset and all-equity portfolios primarily due to increased business and
consumer confidence, which should lead to higher earnings than originally expected.
• Therefore, we have raised our exposure to equities versus fixed income to a moderate overweight and our new tactical
asset allocation view is overweight equities versus its strategic benchmark.
• We are now further underweight fixed income versus equities, underweight versus its strategic benchmark rather than
neutral, and have lowered cash to neutral from overweight.
Within the asset classes, we have made a number of changes consistent with our view from earlier
this year and one that has accelerated post-election.
• We are now moderately overweight U.S. small capitalization equities and neutral non-U.S. developed markets.
• We maintain our preference for U.S. high-quality large caps and continue to overweight emerging markets.
• We continue to favor value over growth and more cyclical areas (such as financials and consumer discretionary) versus
defensives (such as utilities and consumer staples).
In fixed income, we have moved from a balanced view to a larger underweight versus the strategic
benchmark.
• However, fixed income still represents an important portfolio diversifier___and a volatility dampener in unforeseen
worst-case scenarios___and should be viewed primarily as a cash flow producer versus a total return asset, given the expectations
for higher yields.
• In addition, we have lowered Treasuries to a further underweight but maintain our neutral rating on high yield and
underweight on international fixed income.
• Municipal bonds have corrected to levels that are becoming attractive again, and we are still favorable on investment
grade corporate credit.
• We maintain our neutral rating on real estate and commodities, but we prefer metals and oil to gold.
In addition, the pro-cyclical improvement has started to break down the elevated correlation among
and within asset classes since earlier in 2016. We expect this adjustment to continue in 2017 as
economic volatility picks up and asset class volatility follows suit. Transitions to late-cycle phases
tend to invite a higher level of volatility as inflation rises and central bank policies shift to nudging
short rates higher.
In this environment, alternative investments, namely hedge funds, should outperform industry
benchmarks, in contrast to recent underperformance. For investors able to withstand a higher
allocation of illiquid assets in their portfolio, we prefer timberland for its long term-growth
prospects and low correlation to financial assets.
Paul V. Morris
Managing Director I The Morris Group
Private Banking & Investment Group
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc.
Bank of America Tower I One Bryant Park (28) New York, NY 10036
r PRIVATE BANKING &
!-DPi Lynch INVESTMEN T GROUP
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